高压真空断路器故障分析与处理

Fault analysis and treatment of high voltage vacuum circuit breaker

真空断路器的优越性不仅是无油化设备，而且还表现在它具有较长的电寿命、寿命、开断绝缘能力大、连续开断能力强、体积小、重量轻、可频繁操作、免除火灾、运行维护少等优点，很快被部门运行、检修和技术人员认可。早期国内生产的高压真空断路器质量不够稳定，操作过程中载流过电压偏高，个别真空灭弧室还存在有漏气现象。至1992年天津真空开关应用推广会议时，我国真空断路器的制造技术已经进入了国际同行业同类型产品的前列，成为我国高压真空断路器应用、制造技术新的转折点。随着真空断路器的广泛应用，出现故障的情况也时有发生，笔者对真空断路器出现的常见故障进行分析并给出处理方法。

The superiority of vacuum breaker is not only oil free equipment, but also has a longer life and life in its power, breaking insulation capacity, continuous breaking capacity, small volume, light weight, frequent operation, avoiding fire operation and maintenance, less advantages, quickly, operation Department maintenance and technical personnel approved. The quality of the high voltage vacuum circuit breaker produced in the early days was not stable enough, the current carrying voltage was too high during operation, and there was a leakage phenomenon in some vacuum interrupters. Application of vacuum switch to the 1992 Tianjin conference, China's manufacturing technology of vacuum circuit breaker has entered the international trade with the same type of product application, become the forefront of high voltage vacuum circuit breaker made in our country a new turning point of technology. With the widespread application of vacuum circuit breaker, the fault occurs frequently. The author analyzes the common faults of vacuum circuit breaker and gives the treatment method.

常见的真空断路器不正常运行状态

Common abnormal state of vacuum circuit breaker

断路器拒合、拒分

Circuit breaker rejection and rejection

表现为在断路器得到合闸(分闸)命令后，合闸(分闸)电磁铁动作，铁心顶杆将合闸(分闸)掣子顶开，合闸(分闸)弹簧释放能量，带动断路器合闸(分闸)，但断路器灭弧室不能合闸(分闸)。

To get in the closing of circuit breaker (gate) command, closing (opening) the electromagnet core rod, the switch (switch) latch open closing (opening) spring to release energy, drive circuit breaker closing (opening), but the circuit breaker is not closed (sub gate).

断路器误分

Circuit breaker error Division

表现为断路器在正常运行状态，在不明原因情况下动作跳闸。

The circuit breaker acts in normal operation and operates tripping under unknown conditions.

断路器机构储能后，储能电机不停

After the circuit breaker is stored, the stored energy motor does not stop

表现为断路器在合闸后，操动机构储能电机开始工作，但弹簧能量储满后，电机仍在不停运转。

After the circuit breaker is switched on, the actuating mechanism and the energy storage motor begin to work, but the motor is still switched on when the energy of the spring is full.

断路器直流电阻增大

DC resistance of circuit breaker increases

表现为断路器在运行一定时间后，灭弧室触头的接触电阻不断增大。

The contact resistance of interrupter contacts increases continuously when the circuit breaker is running for a certain period of time.

断路器合闸弹跳时间增大

When the breaker is switched on, the bouncing time increases

表现为断路器在运行一定时间后，合闸弹跳时间不断增大。

When the circuit breaker is running for a certain time, the closing bounce time increases continuously.

断路器中间箱CT表面对支架放电

The discharge of the bracket on the CT surface of the intermediate box of the breaker

表现为断路器在运行过程中，电流互感器表面对中间箱支架放电。

When the circuit breaker is in operation, the surface of the current transformer is discharged to the intermediate case bracket.

断路器灭弧室不能断开

The interrupter of the breaker can not be disconnected

表现为断路器在进行分闸操作后，断路器不能断开或非全相断开。

The breaker can not be disconnected or disconnected when the circuit breaker is operated on the switch.

故障原因分析

Failure cause analysis

断路器拒分、拒合

Circuit breaker rejection and rejection

操动机构发生拒动现象时，一般先分析拒动原因，是微机保护装置二次回路故障还是机械部分故障，然后进行处理。在检查二次回路正常后，发现操动机构主拐臂连接的万向轴头间隙过大，虽然操动机构正常动作，但不能带动断路器分合闸联杆动作，导致断路器不能正常分合闸。

When the actuator refuses to move, it is generally analyzed that the cause of the refusal is the two circuit fault or the partial mechanical failure of the microcomputer protection device, and then it is processed. Two times in the inspection circuit is normal, that the actuator main turn arm connected with a universal shaft joint clearance is too large, although the operating mechanism of normal operation, but can not drive the circuit breaker closing link action, cause the circuit breaker cannot switch to normal.

断路器误分

Circuit breaker error Division

断路器在正常运行状态下，在没有外施操作电源及机械分闸动作时，断路器不能分闸。在确认没有进行误操作的情况下，检查二次回路及操动机构。发现操动机构箱内辅助开关接点有短路现象，分闸电源通过短路点与分闸线圈接通，造成误分闸。原因是断路器机构箱顶部漏雨，雨水沿着输出拐臂向下流，正好落在机构辅助开关上，造成接点短路。

Circuit breaker in normal operation, in the absence of external operation power and mechanical switching action, the circuit breaker can not be split. Check the two circuit and the actuating mechanism when it is confirmed that the operation has not been carried out. It is found that the contact of auxiliary switch in the actuating mechanism is short circuited, and the switching power supply is connected with the switching coil through the short circuit point, resulting in incorrect switching. The reason is the breaker box at the top of the leak, the water output arm down, just fall in the mechanism auxiliary switch, causing short-circuit contact.